詳解iOS運用UI開辟中的九宮格坐標盤算與字典轉換模子
九宮格坐標盤算
1、請求
完成上面的結構
2、剖析
尋覓右邊的紀律，每個uiview的x坐標和y坐標。
3、完成思緒
(1)明白每塊用得是甚麼view
(2)明白每一個view之間的父子關系，每一個視圖都只要一個父視圖，具有許多的子視圖。
(3)可以先測驗考試逐一的添加格子，最初斟酌應用for輪回，完成一切uiview的創立
(4)加載app數據，依據數據長度創立對應個數的格子
(5)添加格子外部的子控件
(6)給外部的子控件拆卸數據
4、代碼示例
//
// YYViewController.m
// 九宮格演習
//
// Created by 孔醫己 on 14-5-22.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 itcast. All rights reserved.
//
#import "YYViewController.h"
@interface YYViewController ()
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps;
@end
@implementation YYViewController
//1.加載數據
- (NSArray *)apps
{
if (!_apps) {
NSString *path=[[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
_apps=[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
}
return _apps;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
NSLog(@"%d",self.apps.count);
//2.完成結構設計
//三列
int totalloc=3;
CGFloat appvieww=80;
CGFloat appviewh=90;
CGFloat margin=(self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appvieww)/(totalloc+1);
int count=self.apps.count;
for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
int row=i/totalloc;//行號
//1/3=0,2/3=0,3/3=1;
int loc=i%totalloc;//列號
CGFloat appviewx=margin+(margin+appvieww)*loc;
CGFloat appviewy=margin+(margin+appviewh)*row;
//創立uiview控件
UIView *appview=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(appviewx, appviewy, appvieww, appviewh)];
//[appview setBackgroundColor:[UIColor purpleColor]];
[self.view addSubview:appview];
//創立uiview控件中的子視圖
UIImageView *appimageview=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 80, 50)];
UIImage *appimage=[UIImage imageNamed:self.apps[i][@"icon"]];
appimageview.image=appimage;
[appimageview setContentMode:UIViewContentModeScaleaspectFit];
// NSLog(@"%@",self.apps[i][@"icon"]);
[appview addSubview:appimageview];
//創立文本標簽
UILabel *applable=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 50, 80, 20)];
[applable setText:self.apps[i][@"name"]];
[applable setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
[applable setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0]];
[appview addSubview:applable];
//創立按鈕
UIButton *appbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
appbtn.frame= CGRectMake(10, 70, 60, 20);
[appbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[appbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[appbtn setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
appbtn.titleLabel.font=[UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
[appview addSubview:appbtn];
[appbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(click) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
}
-(void)click
{
//動畫標簽
UILabel *animalab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(self.view.center.x-100, self.view.center.y+20, 200, 40)];
[animalab setText:@"下載勝利"];
animalab.font=[UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
[animalab setBackgroundColor:[UIColor brownColor]];
[animalab setAlpha:0];
[self.view addSubview:animalab];
// [UIView beginAnimations:Nil context:Nil];
// [animalab setAlpha:1];
// [UIView setAnimationDuration:4.0];
// [UIView commitAnimations];
//履行完以後，還得把這給刪除，推舉應用block動畫
[UIView animateWithDuration:4.0 animations:^{
[animalab setAlpha:1];
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
//[self.view re];
}];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}
@end
履行後果：
字典轉模子
1、能完勝利能的“成績代碼”
1.從plist中加載的數據
2.完成的代碼
//
// LFViewController.m
// 03-運用治理
//
// Created by apple on 14-5-22.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 heima. All rights reserved.
//
#import "LFViewController.h"
@interface LFViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *appList;
@end
@implementation LFViewController
- (NSArray *)appList
{
if (!_appList) {
// 1. 從mainBundle加載
NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
_appList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSLog(@"%@", _appList);
}
return _appList;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// 總共有3列
int totalCol = 3;
CGFloat viewW = 80;
CGFloat viewH = 90;
CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - totalCol * viewW) / (totalCol + 1);
CGFloat marginY = 10;
CGFloat startY = 20;
for (int i = 0; i < self.appList.count; i++) {
int row = i / totalCol;
int col = i % totalCol;
CGFloat x = marginX + (viewW + marginX) * col;
CGFloat y = startY + marginY + (viewH + marginY) * row;
UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, viewW, viewH)];
[self.view addSubview:appView];
// 創立appView外部的細節
// 0> 讀取數組中的字典
NSDictionary *dict = self.appList[i];
// 1> UIImageView
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, viewW, 50)];
imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:dict[@"icon"]];
imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleaspectFit;
[appView addSubview:imageView];
// 2> UILabel
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, imageView.bounds.size.height, viewW, 20)];
// 設置文字
label.text = dict[@"name"];
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[appView addSubview:label];
// 3> UIButton
// UIButtonTypeCustom和[[UIButton alloc] init]是等價的
UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
button.frame = CGRectMake(15, 70, viewW - 30, 20);
[button setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
// *** 不克不及應用以下代碼直接設置title
// button.titleLabel.text = @"下載";
// @property中readonly表現不許可修正對象的指針地址，然則可以修正對象的屬性
button.titleLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0];
[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[appView addSubview:button];
}
}
@end
3.完成後果
4.代碼成績
在上述代碼的第62，69行，我們是直接經由過程字典的鍵名獲得plist中的數據信息，在viewController中須要直接和數據打交道，假如須要屢次應用能夠會由於不當心把鍵名寫錯，而法式其實不報錯。鑒於此，可以斟酌把字典數據轉換成一個模子，把數據封裝到一個模子中去，讓viewController不再直接和數據打交道，而是和模子交互。
普通情形下，設置數據和掏出數據都應用“字符串類型的key”，編寫這些key時，編纂器沒有智能提醒，須要手敲。如：
dict[@"name"] = @"Jack";
NSString *name = dict[@"name"];
手敲字符串key，key輕易寫錯
Key假如寫錯了，編譯器不會有任何正告和報錯，形成設錯數據或許取錯數據
2、字典轉模子
1.字典轉模子引見
表示圖：
字典轉模子的利益：
（1）下降代碼的耦合度
（2）一切字典轉模子部門的代碼同一集中在一處處置，下降代碼失足的概率
（3）在法式中直接應用模子的屬性操作，進步編碼效力
（4）挪用方不消關懷模子外部的任何處置細節
字典轉模子的留意點：
模子應當供給一個可以傳入字典參數的結構辦法
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
+ (instancetype)xxxWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
提醒：在模子中公道地應用只讀屬性，可以進一步下降代碼的耦合度。
2.代碼示例（一）
新建一個類，用來作為數據模子
viewController.m文件代碼（字典轉模子）
#import "LFViewController.h"
#import "LFAppInfo.h"
@interface LFViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *appList;
@end
@implementation LFViewController
// 字典轉模子
- (NSArray *)appList
{
if (!_appList) {
// 1. 從mainBundle加載
NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
// _appList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
// 將數組轉換成模子，意味著self.appList中存儲的是LFAppInfo對象
// 1. 遍歷數組，將數組中的字典順次轉換成AppInfo對象，添加到一個暫時數組
// 2. self.appList = 暫時數組
NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSDictionary *dict in array) {
//用字典來實例化對象的工場辦法
[arrayM addObject:[LFAppInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]];
}
_appList = arrayM;
}
return _appList;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// 總共有3列
int totalCol = 3;
CGFloat viewW = 80;
CGFloat viewH = 90;
CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - totalCol * viewW) / (totalCol + 1);
CGFloat marginY = 10;
CGFloat startY = 20;
for (int i = 0; i < self.appList.count; i++) {
int row = i / totalCol;
int col = i % totalCol;
CGFloat x = marginX + (viewW + marginX) * col;
CGFloat y = startY + marginY + (viewH + marginY) * row;
UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, viewW, viewH)];
[self.view addSubview:appView];
// 創立appView外部的細節
// 0> 讀取數組中的AppInfo
// NSDictionary *dict = self.appList[i];
LFAppInfo *appInfo = self.appList[i];
// 1> UIImageView
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, viewW, 50)];
imageView.image = appInfo.image;
imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleaspectFit;
[appView addSubview:imageView];
// 2> UILabel
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, imageView.bounds.size.height, viewW, 20)];
// 設置文字
label.text = appInfo.name;
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[appView addSubview:label];
// 3> UIButton
// UIButtonTypeCustom和[[UIButton alloc] init]是等價的
UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
button.frame = CGRectMake(15, 70, viewW - 30, 20);
[button setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
button.titleLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0];
[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[appView addSubview:button];
button.tag = i;
[button addTarget:self action:@selector(downloadClick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
}
- (void)downloadClick:(UIButton *)button
{
NSLog(@"%d", button.tag);
// 實例化一個UILabel顯示在視圖上，提醒用戶下載完成
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(80, 400, 160, 40)];
label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
label.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
LFAppInfo *appInfo = self.appList[button.tag];
label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"下載%@完成", appInfo.name];
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:13.0];
label.alpha = 1.0;
[self.view addSubview:label];
// 動畫後果
// 動畫後果完成以後，將Label從視圖中刪除
// 首尾式動畫，只能做動畫，要處置完成後的操作不便利
// [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
// [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0];
// label.alpha = 1.0;
// [UIView commitAnimations];
// block動畫比首尾式動畫簡略，並且可以或許掌握動畫停止後的操作
// 在IOS中，根本都應用首尾式動畫
[UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{
label.alpha = 0.0;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
// 刪除label
[label removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
@end
模子.h文件代碼
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface LFAppInfo : NSObject
// 運用法式稱號
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
// 運用法式圖標稱號
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
// 圖象
// 界說屬性時，會生成getter&setter辦法，還會生成一個帶下劃線的成員變量
// 假如是readonly屬性，只會生成getter辦法，同時沒有成員變量
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) UIImage *image;
// instancetype會讓編譯器檢討實例化對象的精確類型
// instancetype只能用於前往類型，不克不及當作參數應用
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
/** 工場辦法 */
+ (instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
@end
模子.m文件數據處置代碼
#import "LFAppInfo.h"
@interface LFAppInfo()
{
UIImage *_imageABC;
}
@end
@implementation LFAppInfo
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.name = dict[@"name"];
self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
}
return self;
}
+ (instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
}
- (UIImage *)image
{
if (!_imageABC) {
_imageABC = [UIImage imageNamed:self.icon];
}
return _imageABC;
}
@end
3.代碼示例（二）
數據信息：plist文件
字典轉模子（初步）
模子.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface LFQuestion : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *answer;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *options;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;
/** 用字典實例化對象的成員辦法 */
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
/** 用字典實例化對象的類辦法，又稱工場辦法 */
+ (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
@end
模子.m文件
#import "LFQuestion.h"
@implementation LFQuestion
+ (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
}
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.answer = dict[@"answer"];
self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
self.title = dict[@"title"];
self.options = dict[@"options"];
[self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
}
return self;
}
viewController.m文件中的數據處置
- (NSArray *)questions
{
if (!_questions) {
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"questions.plist" ofType:nil]];
NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSDictionary *dict in array) {
[arrayM addObject:[LFQuestion questionWithDict:dict]];
}
_questions=arrayM;
}
return _questions;
}
字典轉模子（優化）
下面代碼可以做進一步的優化，從plist文件中讀取數據是可以交給模子行止理的，優化子女碼以下：
模子.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface LFQuestion : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *answer;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *options;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;
/** 用字典實例化對象的成員辦法 */
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
/** 用字典實例化對象的類辦法，又稱工場辦法 */
+ (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
/** 從plist加載對象數組 */
+ (NSArray *)questions;
@end
模子.m文件
#import "LFQuestion.h"
@implementation LFQuestion
+ (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
}
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.answer = dict[@"answer"];
self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
self.title = dict[@"title"];
self.options = dict[@"options"];
[self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
}
return self;
}
+ (NSArray *)questions
{
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"questions.plist" ofType:nil]];
NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSDictionary *dict in array) {
[arrayM addObject:[LFQuestion questionWithDict:dict]];
}
return arrayM;
}
@end
viewController.m文件中的數據處置代碼部門
- (NSArray *)questions
{
if (!_questions) {
_questions = [LFQuestion questions];
}
return _questions;
}
彌補內容：（KVC）的應用
（1）在模子外部的數據處置部門，可使用鍵值編碼來停止處置
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
// self.answer = dict[@"answer"];
// self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
// self.title = dict[@"title"];
// self.options = dict[@"options"];
// KVC (key value coding)鍵值編碼
// cocoa 的年夜招，許可直接修正對象的屬性值
// 第一個參數是字典的數值
// 第二個參數是類的屬性
[self setValue:dict[@"answer"] forKeyPath:@"answer"];
[self setValue:dict[@"icon"] forKeyPath:@"icon"];
[self setValue:dict[@"title"] forKeyPath:@"title"];
[self setValue:dict[@"options"] forKeyPath:@"options"];
}
return self;
}
（2）setValuesForKeys的應用
上述數據操作細節，可以直接經由過程setValuesForKeys辦法來完成。
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
// 應用setValuesForKeys請求類的屬性必需在字典中存在，可以比字典中的鍵值多，然則不克不及少。
[self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
}
return self;
}
3、彌補解釋
1.readonly屬性
（1）@property中readonly表現不許可修正對象的指針地址，然則可以修正對象的屬性。
（2）平日應用@property症結字界說屬性時，會生成getter&setter辦法，還會生成一個帶下劃線的成員變量。
（3）假如是readonly屬性，只會生成getter辦法，不會生成帶下劃線的成員變量.
2.instancetype類型
（1）instancetype會讓編譯器檢討實例化對象的精確類型
（2）instancetype只能用於前往類型，不克不及當作參數應用
3.instancetype & id的比擬
（1） instancetype在類型表現上，跟id一樣，可以表現任何對象類型
（2） instancetype只能用在前往值類型上，不克不及像id一樣用在參數類型上
（3） instancetype比id多一個利益：編譯器會檢測instancetype的真實類型
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