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 Ios教程網 >> IOS編程開發 >> IOS開發綜合 >> iOS手勢識別的詳細使用方法(拖動,縮放,旋轉,點擊,手勢依賴,自定義手勢)

iOS手勢識別的詳細使用方法(拖動,縮放,旋轉,點擊,手勢依賴,自定義手勢)

編輯:IOS開發綜合

手勢識別在iOS上非常重要,手勢操作移動設備的重要特征,極大的增加了移動設備使用便捷性。

1、UIGestureRecognizer介紹

手勢識別在iOS上非常重要,手勢操作移動設備的重要特征,極大的增加了移動設備使用便捷性。

iOS系統在3.2以後,為方便開發這使用一些常用的手勢,提供了UIGestureRecognizer類。手勢識別UIGestureRecognizer類是個抽象類,下面的子類是具體的手勢,開發這可以直接使用這些手勢識別。

  • UITapGestureRecognizer 
  • UIPinchGestureRecognizer
  • UIRotationGestureRecognizer
  • UISwipeGestureRecognizer
  • UIPanGestureRecognizer
  • UILongPressGestureRecognizer

上面的手勢對應的操作是:

  • Tap(點一下)
  • Pinch(二指往內或往外撥動,平時經常用到的縮放)
  • Rotation(旋轉)
  • Swipe(滑動,快速移動)
  • Pan (拖移,慢速移動)
  •  LongPress(長按)

UIGestureRecognizer的繼承關系如下:

2、使用手勢的步驟

使用手勢很簡單,分為兩步:

創建手勢實例。當創建手勢時,指定一個回調方法,當手勢開始,改變、或結束時,回調方法被調用。

添加到需要識別的View中。每個手勢只對應一個View,當屏幕觸摸在View的邊界內時,如果手勢和預定的一樣,那就會回調方法。

ps:一個手勢只能對應一個View,但是一個View可以有多個手勢。

建議在真機上運行這些手勢,模擬器操作不太方便,可能導致你認為手勢失效。

3、Pan 拖動手勢:

UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; 
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); 
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] 
                        initWithTarget:self 
                        action:@selector(handlePan:)];   
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; 
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; 
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; 

新建一個ImageView,然後添加手勢

回調方法:

- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
{ 
  CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; 
  recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, 
                  recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); 
  [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; 
   
} 

4、Pinch縮放手勢

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] 
                            initWithTarget:self 
                            action:@selector(handlePinch:)];<p class="p1">[<span class="s1">snakeImageView</span> <span class="s2">addGestureRecognizer</span>:pinchGestureRecognizer];</p> 
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
{ 
  recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale); 
  recognizer.scale = 1; 
} 

5、Rotation旋轉手勢

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] 
                         initWithTarget:self 
                         action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; 
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; 
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
{ 
  recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation); 
  recognizer.rotation = 0; 
} 

添加了這幾個手勢後,運行看效果,程序中的imageView放了一個

                   /^\/^\
                  _|__|  O|
         \/     /~     \_/ \
          \____|__________/  \
                 \_______      \
                         `\     \                 \
                           |     |                  \
                          /      /                    \
                         /     /                       \\
                       /      /                         \ \
                      /     /                            \  \
                    /     /             _----_            \   \
                   /     /           _-~      ~-_         |   |
                  (      (        _-~    _--_    ~-_     _/   |
                   \      ~-____-~    _-~    ~-_    ~-_-~    /
                     ~-_           _-~          ~-_       _-~ 
                        ~--______-~                ~-___-~

的圖片,在模擬器上拖動是沒問題的。縮放和旋轉有點問題,估計是因為在模擬器上的模擬的兩個接觸點距離在imageView的邊界外了,所以操作無效果。

建議在真機上運行這個手勢。

在模擬器上縮放和選擇的操作技巧:

可以把imageView的frame值設置大一點,按住alt鍵,按下觸摸板(不按下不行),這樣就可以旋轉和縮放了。

6、添加第二個ImagView並添加手勢

記住:一個手勢只能添加到一個View,兩個View當然要有兩個手勢的實例了

- (void)viewDidLoad 
{ 
  [super viewDidLoad]; 
 
  UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; 
  UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]]; 
  snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160); 
  dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); 
  [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; 
  [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView]; 
   
  for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) { 
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] 
                            initWithTarget:self 
                            action:@selector(handlePan:)]; 
     
    UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] 
                              initWithTarget:self 
                              action:@selector(handlePinch:)]; 
     
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] 
                             initWithTarget:self 
                             action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; 
     
    [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; 
    [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer]; 
    [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; 
    [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES]; 
  } 
  [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];    
} 

多添加了一條龍的view,兩個view都能接收上面的三種手勢。運行效果如下:

7、拖動(pan手勢)速度(以較快的速度拖放後view有滑行的效果)
如何實現呢?

  • 監視手勢是否結束
  • 監視觸摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer 
{ 
  CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; 
  recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, 
                    recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); 
  [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; 
   
  if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) { 
     
    CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view]; 
    CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y)); 
    CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200; 
    NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); 
     
    float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide 
    CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor), 
                     recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor)); 
    finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width); 
    finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height); 
     
    [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{ 
      recognizer.view.center = finalPoint; 
    } completion:nil]; 
     
  } 

代碼實現解析:

  • 計算速度向量的長度(估計大部分都忘了)這些知識了。
  • 如果速度向量小於200,那就會得到一個小於的小數,那麼滑行會很短
  • 基於速度和速度因素計算一個終點
  • 確保終點不會跑出父View的邊界
  • 使用UIView動畫使view滑動到終點

運行後,快速拖動圖像view放開會看到view還會在原來的方向滑行一段路。

8、同時觸發兩個view的手勢

手勢之間是互斥的,如果你想同時觸發蛇和龍的view,那麼需要實現協議

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,

@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> 
@end 

並在協議這個方法裡返回YES。

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer 
{ 
  return YES; 
} 

 把self作為代理設置給手勢:

panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; 
pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; 
rotateRecognizer.delegate = self; 

這樣可以同時拖動或旋轉縮放兩個view了。

9、tap點擊手勢

這裡為了方便看到tap的效果,當點擊一下屏幕時,播放一個聲音。

為了播放聲音,我們加入AVFoundation.framework這個框架。

- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename { 
  NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"]; 
  NSError * error; 
  AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error]; 
  if (!player) { 
    NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription); 
  } else { 
    [player prepareToPlay]; 
  } 
  return player; 
} 

我會在最後例子代碼給出完整代碼,添加手勢的步驟和前面一樣的。

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> 
 
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> 
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer; 
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer; 
 
@end 
- (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer { 
  [self.chompPlayer play]; 
} 

運行,點一下某個圖,就會播放一個咬東西的聲音。

不過這個點擊播放聲音有點缺陷,就是在慢慢拖動的時候也會播放。這使得兩個手勢重合了。怎麼解決呢?使用手勢的:

requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

10、手勢的依賴性

在viewDidLoad的循環裡添加這段代碼:

[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer]; 

意思就是,當如果pan手勢失敗,就是沒發生拖動,才會出發tap手勢。這樣如果你有輕微的拖動,那就是pan手勢發生了。tap的聲音就不會發出來了。

11、自定義手勢

自定義手勢繼承:UIGestureRecognizer,實現下面的方法:

– touchesBegan:withEvent: 
– touchesMoved:withEvent: 
– touchesEnded:withEvent: 
- touchesCancelled:withEvent: 

新建一個類,繼承UIGestureRecognizer,代碼如下:
.h文件

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
typedef enum { 
  DirectionUnknown = 0, 
  DirectionLeft, 
  DirectionRight 
} Direction; 
 
@interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer 
@property (assign) int tickleCount; 
@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart; 
@property (assign) Direction lastDirection; 
 
@end 

.m文件

#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h" 
#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> 
#define REQUIRED_TICKLES    2 
#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE   25 
 
@implementation HappyGestureRecognizer 
 
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { 
  UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; 
  self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; 
} 
 
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { 
   
  // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart 
  UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; 
  CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view]; 
  CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x; 
  Direction curDirection; 
  if (moveAmt < 0) { 
    curDirection = DirectionLeft; 
  } else { 
    curDirection = DirectionRight; 
  } 
  if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return; 
   
  // 確認方向改變了 
  if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || 
    (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || 
    (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) { 
     
    // 撓癢次數 
    self.tickleCount++; 
    self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint; 
    self.lastDirection = curDirection; 
     
    // 一旦撓癢次數超過指定數,設置手勢為結束狀態 
    // 這樣回調函數會被調用。 
    if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) { 
      [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded]; 
    } 
  } 
   
} 
 
- (void)reset { 
  self.tickleCount = 0; 
  self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero; 
  self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown; 
  if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { 
    [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed]; 
  } 
} 
 
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event 
{ 
  [self reset]; 
} 
 
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event 
{ 
  [self reset]; 
} 
 
@end 

調用自定義手勢和上面一樣,回到這樣寫:

- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{ 
  [self.hehePlayer play]; 
} 

手勢成功後播放呵呵笑的聲音。

在真機上運行,按住某個view,快速左右拖動,就會發出笑的聲音了。

代碼解析:

先獲取起始坐標:curTickleStart

通過和ticklePoint的x值對比,得出當前的放下是向左還是向右。再算出移動的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距離大,如果太則返回。

再判斷是否有三次是不同方向的動作,如果是則手勢結束,回調。

源代碼:源代碼下載。

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